Other IP Encapsulated Protocols

There are a few other protocols that use IP that are not all often considered to be part of the TCP/IP suite of protocols but may be run over IP. Some of them are more closely associated with the TCP/IP suite of protocols like RIP, IGMP, and OSPF while others are a little less well known.

A reference to these extra protocols is included here so that you the reader realize that more than just TCP and IP exist in the TCP/IP suite of protocols, and they may be examined by a firewall before being allowed to pass on. In addition to UDP and ICMP which are part of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, there are other protocols that an be legally carried by IP packets. Many of them are considered by a number of people to part of the original TCP/IP suite of protocols, but all of these may still be part of the payload in an IP packet.

When recalling the review of the IP packet header, you will recall the protocol field is an 8 bit field. This allows for a decimal value that can range from 0 to 255.

In rfc1700.txt, you can find other protocols assigned for use with IP, and their decimal number in addition to UDP, TCP and ICMP. Here is a copy of those from that list: (If you recall the protocol field in the IP packet that was discussed in the review of the IP packet header, these are the decimal numbers that communicate the the receiving machine what protocol is being carried in the data portion of the IP packet.)

Assigned Internet Protocol Numbers

Decimal    Keyword     Protocol                         References
-------    -------     --------                         ----------
     0                 Reserved                              [JBP]
     1     ICMP        Internet Control Message       [RFC792,JBP]
     2     IGMP        Internet Group Management     [RFC1112,JBP]
     3     GGP         Gateway-to-Gateway              [RFC823,MB]
     4     IP          IP in IP (encapsulation)               [JBP]
     5     ST          Stream                 [RFC1190,IEN119,JWF]
     6     TCP         Transmission Control           [RFC793,JBP]
     7     UCL         UCL                                    [PK]
     8     EGP         Exterior Gateway Protocol     [RFC888,DLM1]
     9     IGP         any private interior gateway          [JBP]
    10     BBN-RCC-MON BBN RCC Monitoring                    [SGC]
    11     NVP-II      Network Voice Protocol         [RFC741,SC3]
    12     PUP         PUP                             [PUP,XEROX]
    13     ARGUS       ARGUS                                [RWS4]
    14     EMCON       EMCON                                 [BN7]
    15     XNET        Cross Net Debugger            [IEN158,JFH2]
    16     CHAOS       Chaos                                 [NC3]
    17     UDP         User Datagram                  [RFC768,JBP]
    18     MUX         Multiplexing                    [IEN90,JBP]
    19     DCN-MEAS    DCN Measurement Subsystems           [DLM1]
    20     HMP         Host Monitoring                [RFC869,RH6]
    21     PRM         Packet Radio Measurement              [ZSU]
    22     XNS-IDP     XEROX NS IDP               [ETHERNET,XEROX]
    23     TRUNK-1     Trunk-1                              [BWB6]
    24     TRUNK-2     Trunk-2                              [BWB6]
    25     LEAF-1      Leaf-1                               [BWB6]
    26     LEAF-2      Leaf-2                               [BWB6]
    27     RDP         Reliable Data Protocol         [RFC908,RH6]
    28     IRTP        Internet Reliable Transaction  [RFC938,TXM]
    29     ISO-TP4     ISO Transport Protocol Class 4 [RFC905,RC77]
    30     NETBLT      Bulk Data Transfer Protocol    [RFC969,DDC1]
    31     MFE-NSP     MFE Network Services Protocol  [MFENET,BCH2]
    32     MERIT-INP   MERIT Internodal Protocol             [HWB]
    33     SEP         Sequential Exchange Protocol        [JC120]
    34     3PC         Third Party Connect Protocol         [SAF3]
    35     IDPR        Inter-Domain Policy Routing Protocol [MXS1]
    36     XTP         XTP                                   [GXC]
    37     DDP         Datagram Delivery Protocol            [WXC]
    38     IDPR-CMTP   IDPR Control Message Transport Proto [MXS1]
    39     TP++        TP++ Transport Protocol               [DXF]
    40     IL          IL Transport Protocol                [DXP2]
    41     SIP         Simple Internet Protocol              [SXD]
    42     SDRP        Source Demand Routing Protocol       [DXE1]
    43     SIP-SR      SIP Source Route                      [SXD]
    44     SIP-FRAG    SIP Fragment                          [SXD]
    45     IDRP        Inter-Domain Routing Protocol   [Sue Hares]
    46     RSVP        Reservation Protocol           [Bob Braden]
    47     GRE         General Routing Encapsulation     [Tony Li]
    48     MHRP        Mobile Host Routing Protocol[David Johnson]
    49     BNA         BNA                          [Gary Salamon]
    50     SIPP-ESP    SIPP Encap Security Payload [Steve Deering]
    51     SIPP-AH     SIPP Authentication Header  [Steve Deering]
    52     I-NLSP      Integrated Net Layer Security  TUBA [GLENN]
    53     SWIPE       IP with Encryption                    [JI6]
    54     NHRP        NBMA Next Hop Resolution Protocol
 55-60                 Unassigned                            [JBP]
    61                 any host internal protocol            [JBP]
    62     CFTP        CFTP                            [CFTP,HCF2]
    63                 any local network                     [JBP]
    64     SAT-EXPAK   SATNET and Backroom EXPAK             [SHB]
    65     KRYPTOLAN   Kryptolan                            [PXL1]
    66     RVD         MIT Remote Virtual Disk Protocol      [MBG]
    67     IPPC        Internet Pluribus Packet Core         [SHB]
    68                 any distributed file system           [JBP]
    69     SAT-MON     SATNET Monitoring                     [SHB]
    70     VISA        VISA Protocol                        [GXT1]
    71     IPCV        Internet Packet Core Utility          [SHB]
    72     CPNX        Computer Protocol Network Executive  [DXM2]
    73     CPHB        Computer Protocol Heart Beat         [DXM2]
    74     WSN         Wang Span Network                     [VXD]
    75     PVP         Packet Video Protocol                 [SC3]
    76     BR-SAT-MON  Backroom SATNET Monitoring            [SHB]
    77     SUN-ND      SUN ND PROTOCOL-Temporary             [WM3]
    78     WB-MON      WIDEBAND Monitoring                   [SHB]
    79     WB-EXPAK    WIDEBAND EXPAK                        [SHB]
    80     ISO-IP      ISO Internet Protocol                 [MTR]
    81     VMTP        VMTP                                 [DRC3]
    82     SECURE-VMTP SECURE-VMTP                          [DRC3]
    83     VINES       VINES                                 [BXH]
    84     TTP         TTP                                   [JXS]
    85     NSFNET-IGP  NSFNET-IGP                            [HWB]
    86     DGP         Dissimilar Gateway Protocol     [DGP,ML109]
    87     TCF         TCF                                  [GAL5]
    88     IGRP        IGRP                            [CISCO,GXS]
    89     OSPFIGP     OSPFIGP                      [RFC1583,JTM4]
    90     Sprite-RPC  Sprite RPC Protocol            [SPRITE,BXW]
    91     LARP        Locus Address Resolution Protocol     [BXH]
    92     MTP         Multicast Transport Protocol          [SXA]
    93     AX.25       AX.25 Frames                         [BK29]
    94     IPIP        IP-within-IP Encapsulation Protocol   [JI6]
    95     MICP        Mobile Internetworking Control Pro.   [JI6]
    96     SCC-SP      Semaphore Communications Sec. Pro.    [HXH]
    97     ETHERIP     Ethernet-within-IP Encapsulation     [RXH1]
    98     ENCAP       Encapsulation Header         [RFC1241,RXB3]
    99                 any private encryption scheme         [JBP]
   100     GMTP        GMTP                                 [RXB5]
101-254                Unassigned                            [JBP]
    255                Reserved                              [JBP]

Comments and/or suggestions for this?: Email me at: dugan@passwall.com
Attempts have been made to make the tables appear as they should for LYNX users by forcing a common field width for fields being used by padding them with other printable characters. This is meant to allow for LYNX users to see the tables much like the Netscape and other web browser worlds might show them. However, from personal experience, some versions of LYNX still manage to munge the tables, making them use up several pages. It seems to be a problem with how earlier versions of LYNX dealt with tables, but the problem has not been entirely isolated.
Some have asked why this collection of on-line documents is so lacking of graphic content. To them I answer: faster downloads. Many of these pages are smaller than some pictures on many commercial web sites. You do not come here to look at my pictures. You come here to read content. Also, LYNX users benefit from this, and by using ALL text, people with ADA issues are able to use speech recognition software on the text to hear the words.
A Special License: No part of this document may be used for profit without the consent of the author Michael Egan in writing. Content may be duplicated for retransmission for non-profit purposes as long as the copyright and license remain included in their entirety. The content is provided "as-is" and I take no responsibility on the content's truthfulness or consistency. Errors may exist in these documents, but acting upon these errors is left up to the reader to verify by a third party that will take responsibility for fact verification. When notified of errors or inconsistencies, attempts will be made to rectify the errors.
In plan English this is meant to do many things: This copyright is meant to exist so that others may not profit from this work as published in paper form, or by duplicating the content to place advertisements over it and generate income. It is also meant to exist to prevent people from publishing this work as their own and receiving profit from this process on research they did not perform. It is not meant to stop a professor from running off copies to use in their classes for their students. It is also not meant to stop the student from printing up copies for their own education. How depressing it would be to find your work published in book form without your permission, or compensation. Another reason for this Copyright is to limit the effect of the mistakes I have made within this document before I was able to complete it. It would be even sadder to notice my mistakes in print and criticized before I could resolve them. Eventually, after I finish this work, I may retain copyright, but eliminate the license.