/********************************************************/
// R. A. Hillyard
// charCount.cpp
// October 2001
//
//
// read character from a file and count occurences of each letter
// and number of other non alphabet symbols. Then reports the
//result to the user
/********************************************************/

#include<iostream> //cout and cin
#include<iomanip>  //setw
#include<fstream>  //file functions
#include<cctype>   //character functions
#include<cstdlib>  //for exit

using namespace std;


bool openInFile(ifstream& inData);
//pre conditions: inData has been declared as a file streams
//post condition: inData will have been opened - function returns false on fail 

void printArray(int a[], int arraySize);
//pre conditions: a[] has valid data for size elements
//post condition: Will display a character count to the screen

void initArray(int a[], int size);
//pre conditions: a[] and size have been declared
//post condition: each element of a[] will be initialized to 0

const int SIZE = 27;      //size or alphabet array

int main()
  {
  int charCount[SIZE];   //array to hold letter counts
  char next;             //next character in the file
  int index;             //index for array element
  ifstream inData;       //declare file streams

  if(!openInFile(inData))  //open file for read - check for fail
    {  exit(1);  }

  initArray(charCount, SIZE);  //initialize array counts
  
  inData.get(next);            //Read data from file a character at a time
  while(!inData.eof())         //stop at end of file
    {
    //cout << next;
    if(isalpha(next))          //if alphabet char increment count
      {
      next = toupper(next);    //treat lower and upper case the same
      index = next - 'A';      //ASCII Value gives offset into array
      charCount[index]++;      //update that counter
      }
    else                       //update other count.
      {
      if(!isspace(next))       //skip white space
        charCount[SIZE-1]++;
      }
    inData.get(next);          //get next character from file
    }//end while
   
  //report results 
  printArray(charCount,SIZE);
  }//end main
/*************************************************************/
//Initialize each element of an integer array to 0
/*************************************************************/
void initArray(int a[], int size)
  {
  for(int i = 0; i<size; i++)
    { a[i] = 0; } 
  }
/*************************************************************/
//print elements of array - formatted to appear in columns
/*************************************************************/
void printArray(int a[], int size)
  {
  cout << "\nThe file contains the following letter counts\n";
  for(int i = 0; i<size-1; i++)
    {
    cout << setw(4) << char('A' + i) << " - " << setw(3) << a[i];
    if((i+1)%5 == 0)
      cout << endl;
    }
     
  cout << "\nThere were " << a[size-1] << " other symbols\n";
  }

/*************************************************************/
/*************************************************************/
bool openInFile(ifstream& inData)
  {
  char name[20];
  
  cout << "Enter File Name: ";
  cin >> name;
  inData.open(name);
  if(inData.fail())
    {
    cout << "Failed to open input file " << name << endl;
    return false;  
    }
  return true;  
  }//end openInFile
/*************************************************************/

/******************Input File*****************
This is the hello program it has all kinds of characters in it. There are digits
such as: 2,5 ,789, 3456 and last but not least numbers like 45.78 and 33.56.
Special ^%# charac)(?<>ters  abound!!!! + u get 2 Count     spaces 

* dont forget a tab     to add + sub - or *.,~ 
You can test your program by getting the following results

Total chars:   448
Total white:   107
Total digit:    33
Total letter:  274
Total vowel:    99
Total Other:    34

/******************Program Output*************

Enter File Name: letterCount.txt

The file contains the following letter counts
   A -  28   B -   6   C -  10   D -   9   E -  23
   F -   3   G -   9   H -  12   I -  15   J -   0
   K -   2   L -  19   M -   3   N -  12   O -  23
   P -   4   Q -   0   R -  18   S -  20   T -  41
   U -  10   V -   1   W -   3   X -   0   Y -   3
   Z -   0
There were 67 other symbols
*/